从0到1阿里云部署mysql8数据库（外网可访问）（图文并茂超详细）

目录

一，下载MYSQL安装和配置

 二，外网连接阿里云数据库

一，下载MYSQL安装和配置

1.切换到 /app/soft/

cd /app/soft/

2.创建mysql文件夹

mkdir mysql

3.切换到mysql文件夹下

cd mysql

4,下载mysql8.0安装包，等待下载成功

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

5，解压mysql8.0安装包

tar xvJf mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

 6，重命名解压出来的文件夹，这里改成mysql-8.0

mv mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-8.0

 7，mysql-8.0文件夹下创建data文件夹 存储文件

mkdir data

8，分别创建用户组以及用户和密码（如果提示已存在说明之前有创建过了）

groupadd mysql
 
useradd -g mysql mysql

 9，授权刚刚新建的用户

chown -R mysql.mysql /app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0
 
chmod 750 /app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/data -R

10,配置环境，编辑/etc/profile文件 

vim /etc/profile
#--------------------------
#点击键盘上的i键，进入输入模式，在配置文件最后增加一行：
#--------------------------
export PATH=$PATH:/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/bin:/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/lib
#添加完成后，按Esc键退出输入模式，进入命令模式，输入:wq，保存并退出
#然后在输入cat /etc/profile  查看是否保存成功，效果如下：↓↓↓↓↓↓

11,在配置完环境变量后，使配置文件生效

source /etc/profile

12，编辑my.cnf文件

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[client]
port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port=3306
server-id=3306
user=mysql
general_log = 1
general_log_file= /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#skip-grant-tables
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir=/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0
datadir=/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/data
log-bin=/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/data/mysql-bin
innodb_data_home_dir=/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/data
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/data/
character-set-server = utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
autocommit=1
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
symbolic-links=0
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/data/mysql.log
pid-file=/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/data/mysql.pidclient]
#port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port=3306
server-id=3306
user=mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
general_log = 1
general_log_file= /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir=/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0
datadir=/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/data
log-bin=/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/data/mysql-bin
innodb_data_home_dir=/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/data
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/data/
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
autocommit=1
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
symbolic-links=0

13，切换到/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/bin目录下 

cd bin

14,初始化基础信息,得到数据库的初始密码（在/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0/bin目录下执行）

./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql//mysql-8.0/data/ --initialize

15,复制 mysql.server 文件，在/app/soft/mysql/mysql-8.0目录下执行

cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
 
cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

16,赋予权限

chown 777 /etc/my.cnf
 
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
 
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

 17,检查一下/var/lib/mysql是否存在，否则进行创建

mkdir /var/lib/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/

18,启动数据库，有SUCCESS字眼说明MySQL安装完成

service mysql start 
#出现SUCCESS 说明启动成功，效果图如下：

19，修改数据库密码，mysql中远程连接授权

use mysql;
create user root@'%' identified by '设置的密码';
grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' with grant option;
###刷新权限
flush privileges;

 二，外网连接阿里云数据库

1，在阿里云服务器中开放3306端口

 2，修改配置，bind-address改为0.0.0.0

vi /etc/my.cnf

 3，登录mysql修改系统表user

use mysql ；

select user,host from user;

use mysql;
Grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'password' with grant option;
flush privileges;

 4，重启mysql服务：service mysql restart

5，连接navicat；（大功告成）；

写文章真的不容易，各位老爷点个收藏和赞再走吧。

可能遇到的问题：

因为我的版本是8的，所以执行授权语句会报错

 GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'WITH GRANT OPTION 

root权限不够，登录mysql后通过 SELECT * FROM mysql.user;命令查询权限信息，可以看到root对应的很多权限都是no，如下图所示：

解决方案：

将root权限全部修改为yes，执行如下代码（记得退出mysql，重启服务）：

use mysql; 
update user set Update_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Select_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Insert_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Update_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Delete_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Create_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Drop_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Reload_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Shutdown_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Process_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set File_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Grant_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set References_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Index_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Alter_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Show_db_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Super_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Create_tmp_table_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Lock_tables_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Execute_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Repl_slave_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Repl_client_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Create_view_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Show_view_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Create_routine_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Alter_routine_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Create_user_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Event_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
update user set Trigger_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';
// 退出mysql
exit
// 重启mysql服务
service mysqld restart