Android打开系统文件管理器，并获取选中文件的路径，适配Android10及以上无法获取路径

1.进入文件管理器

private void intoFileManager() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
        intent.setType("*/*");//无类型限制
//        有类型限制是这样的:
//        intent.setType(“image/*”);//选择图片
//        intent.setType(“audio/*”); //选择音频
//        intent.setType(“video/*”); //选择视频 （mp4 3gp 是android支持的视频格式）
//        intent.setType(“video/*;image/*”);//同时选择视频和图片
 
        intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
        startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
    }

2.在onActivityResult中获取返回结果

 String path;
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

        if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
            Uri uri = data.getData();
            path=FileHelper.getFileAbsolutePath(this,uri);
            Log.d("mz--", "返回结果: " + path);
           
        }

    }

3.FileHelper完整工具类

package com.iflytek.utils;

import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.FileUtils;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.provider.OpenableColumns;

import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * ================================================
 * Description:通过uri获取本地文件的绝对路径
 * 

 * Created by mazhuang on 2023/9/6 11:31
 * ================================================
 */
public class FileHelper {

    /**
     * 根据Uri获取文件绝对路径，解决Android4.4以上版本Uri转换
     *
     * @param context
     * @param imageUri
     */
    public static String getFileAbsolutePath(Context context, Uri imageUri) {
        if (context == null || imageUri == null) {
            return null;
        }

        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT = android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT && android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q){
            return uriToFileApiQ(context,imageUri);
        }
        else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(imageUri.getScheme())) {
            // Return the remote address
            if (isGooglePhotosUri(imageUri)) {
                return imageUri.getLastPathSegment();
            }
            return getDataColumn(context, imageUri, null, null);
        }
        // File
        else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(imageUri.getScheme())) {
            return imageUri.getPath();
        }
        return null;
    }

    //此方法 只能用于4.4以下的版本
    private static String getRealFilePath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {
        if (null == uri) {
            return null;
        }
        final String scheme = uri.getScheme();
        String data = null;
        if (scheme == null) {
            data = uri.getPath();
        } else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE.equals(scheme)) {
            data = uri.getPath();
        } else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(scheme)) {
            String[] projection = {MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA};
            Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null);

//            Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, new String[]{MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA}, null, null, null);
            if (null != cursor) {
                if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                    int index = cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA);
                    if (index > -1) {
                        data = cursor.getString(index);
                    }
                }
                cursor.close();
            }
        }
        return data;
    }


    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
     */
    private static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
     */
    private static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    private static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        Cursor cursor = null;
        String column = MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA;
        String[] projection = {column};
        try {
            cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null);
            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
                return cursor.getString(index);
            }
        } finally {
            if (cursor != null) {
                cursor.close();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
     */
    private static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos.
     */
    private static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
        return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }


    /**
     * Android 10 以上适配 另一种写法
     * @param context
     * @param uri
     * @return
     */
    public static String getFileFromContentUri(Context context, Uri uri) {
        if (uri == null) {
            return null;
        }
        String filePath;
        String[] filePathColumn = {MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA, MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME};
        ContentResolver contentResolver = context.getContentResolver();
        Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, filePathColumn, null,
                null, null);
        if (cursor != null) {
            cursor.moveToFirst();
            try {
                filePath = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(filePathColumn[0]));
                return filePath;
            } catch (Exception e) {
            } finally {
                cursor.close();
            }
        }
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * Android 10 以上适配
     * @param context
     * @param uri
     * @return
     */
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
    private static String uriToFileApiQ(Context context, Uri uri) {
        File file = null;
        //android10以上转换
        if (uri.getScheme().equals(ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE)) {
            file = new File(uri.getPath());
        } else if (uri.getScheme().equals(ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT)) {
            //把文件复制到沙盒目录
            ContentResolver contentResolver = context.getContentResolver();
            Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);
            if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                String displayName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME));
                try {
                    InputStream is = contentResolver.openInputStream(uri);
                    File cache = new File(context.getExternalCacheDir().getAbsolutePath(), Math.round((Math.random() + 1) * 1000) + displayName);
                    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(cache);
                    FileUtils.copy(is, fos);
                    file = cache;
                    fos.close();
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return file.getAbsolutePath();
    }
}