Linux 安装Mysql8.0

一、官网下载Mysql安装包

二、解压安装

三、创建mysql用户组及用户

四、初始化数据库

五、配置Mysql

六、建立Mysql服务

七、修改密码

八、开启远程访问

九、关闭Linux防火墙

一、官网下载Mysql安装包

我的环境是Centos选择对应系统

MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server

二、解压安装

上传文件至服务器，本次演示mysql上传位置：/appusr/apphome

1.解压执行命令：tar -xvf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

2.重命名为：mysql-8.0

mv mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-8.0

3.进入mysql-8.0的目录，新建data文件夹

[root@centos-tianmen apphome]# cd mysql-8.0/

[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# mkdir data
[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# ll
总用量 296
drwxr-xr-x.  2 7161 31415   4096 12月 17 00:54 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root       6 3月  19 14:42 data
drwxr-xr-x.  2 7161 31415     56 12月 17 00:54 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 7161 31415   4096 12月 17 00:54 include
drwxr-xr-x.  6 7161 31415    201 12月 17 00:54 lib
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415 283374 12月 16 23:34 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x.  4 7161 31415     30 12月 17 00:54 man
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415    666 12月 16 23:34 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 7161 31415   4096 12月 17 00:54 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 7161 31415     77 12月 17 00:54 support-files

4.新增tmp、log目录后面使用

[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# mkdir log
[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# mkdir tmp

三、创建mysql用户组及用户

1.新增用户组mysql

groupadd mysql

2.新增用户mysql 密码mysql

useradd -g mysql mysql

3.授权，指向mysql的安装目录

chown -R mysql.mysql /appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/

四、初始化数据库

1.进入mysql安装目录，我的安装目录为：/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0

[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# cd /appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/
[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# pwd
/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0

2.初始化数据库

执行命令：./bin/mysqld –user=mysql –basedir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/ –datadir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/data/ –initialize ;

[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/ --datadir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/data/ --initialize ;
2023-03-19T08:42:40.094583Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2023-03-19T08:42:40.094889Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.32) initializing of server in progress as process 53132
2023-03-19T08:42:40.116956Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2023-03-19T08:42:40.999879Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2023-03-19T08:42:43.037019Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: =cFY9lpinfc6

记住临时密码：=cFY9lpinfc6

五、配置Mysql

1.修改配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

my.cnf配置文件自用：

#[mysqld]
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql
#socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
#symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

#[mysqld_safe]
#log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
#pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d


[mysql]
#basedir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0
#datadir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/data/
socket=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306
user=mysql
#skip-grant-tables
# 指定日志时间为系统时间
#log_timestamps=SYSTEM
#log-error=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/log/mysql.err
# # 指定字符集为utf8，因为mysql8.0中的默认字符集为utfmb4，会和其他程序引起兼容性问题
default-character-set=utf8
#
#
[mysqld]
basedir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0
datadir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/data
socket=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306
user=mysql
log_timestamps=SYSTEM
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
character-set-server = utf8
# # 指定默认认证的加密方式，mysql8.0中默认方式为caching_sha2_password，引起老版本兼容性问题
default_authentication_plugin= mysql_native_password
#skip-grant-tables

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/log/mysqld_safe.err
pid-file=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/tmp/mysqld.pid
socket=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/tmp/mysql.sock
#skip-grant-tables

[mysql.server]
#basedir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0
datadir=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/data
socket=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306
user=mysql
#skip-grant-tables

[mysqladmin]                                                                                                                                 
socket=/appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/tmp/mysql.sock

六、建立Mysql服务

1.进入mysql安装目录

cd /appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/

2. 添加Mysql到系统服务

cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --add mysql

3.检查服务是否生效

chkconfig --list mysql

如图：

[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql 
[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# chkconfig --list mysql

注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含
原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据
可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 

      要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。
      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。

mysql          	0:关	1:关	2:开	3:开	4:开	5:开	6:关
[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]#

4.启动mysql服务

service mysql start;

如有报错文件不存在，新建缺失的文件，授权mysql

[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# service mysql start;
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!

5.查看服务状态

service mysql status;

[root@centos-tianmen mysql-8.0]# service mysql status;
 SUCCESS! MySQL running (54691)

七、修改密码

cd /appusr/apphome/mysql-8.0/bin/

2.使用上面的临时密码登录，执行命令

./mysql -uroot -p

如图：

[root@centos-tianmen bin]# ./mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.32

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

3.修改密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';

OK，到此安装完成了！

八、开启远程访问

1.在登录状态执行下述SQL

mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '密码';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '密码';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

九、关闭Linux防火墙

1.查看防火墙状态

systemctl status firewalld.service

[root@centos-tianmen bin]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since 日 2023-03-19 13:39:15 CST; 4h 52min ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 Main PID: 704 (firewalld)
    Tasks: 2
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─704 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

3月 19 13:39:11 centos-tianmen systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
3月 19 13:39:15 centos-tianmen systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
3月 19 13:39:15 centos-tianmen firewalld[704]: WARNING: AllowZoneDrifting is enabled. This is considered an insecure configuration option. It will be removed in a future release. Please conside...abling it now.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

2.目前开启状态，关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service

3.再查看防火墙状态，已经关闭

[root@centos-tianmen bin]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since 日 2023-03-19 18:31:56 CST; 1s ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
  Process: 704 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 704 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

3月 19 13:39:11 centos-tianmen systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
3月 19 13:39:15 centos-tianmen systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
3月 19 13:39:15 centos-tianmen firewalld[704]: WARNING: AllowZoneDrifting is enabled. This is considered an insecure configuration option. It will be removed in a future release. Please conside...abling it now.
3月 19 18:31:50 centos-tianmen systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
3月 19 18:31:56 centos-tianmen systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

4.设置永久关闭防火墙

systemctl disable firewalld.service

[root@centos-tianmen bin]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

5.链接Mysql

Linux 安装Mysql8.0